UNIT ONE : WHO ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT DOES THEY DO?

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: At the end of this UNIT SWBAT use the verb to be, possessive adjectives, possessive case, and the present simple.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the unit SWBAT:

· Greet and say goodbye to people in formal and informal situations.

· Introduce themselves and others.

· Spell their names using the alphabet letters.

· Exchange basic information about their lives.

· Learn some countries and their nationalities.

· Elicit their telephone number using the ordinal numbers.

· Say their date of birth using the cardinal numbers.

· Talk about their family members.

· Use the everyday verbs to talk about their daily actions.

Wh-questions begin with what, when, where, who, whom, which, whose, why and how. We use them to ask for information. The answer cannot be yes or no:

A:

When do you finish college?

B:

Next year.

A:

Who is your favourite actor?

B:

George Clooney for sure!

We usually form wh-questions with wh- + an auxiliary verb (be, do or have) + subject + main verb or with wh- + a modal verb + subject + main verb:

Be: When are* you leaving?*	Who’s been* paying the bills?*
Do: Where do they live?	Why didn’t you call me?
Have: What has* she done now?*	What have* they decided?*
Modal: Who would* she stay with?*	Where should* I park?*

Warning:

When what, who, which or whose is the subject or part of the subject, we do not use the auxiliary. We use the word order subject + verb:

What fell off the wall? Which horse won?

Who bought this? Whose phone rang?

Compare

Who owns this bag?	Who is the subject of the sentence and this bag is the object. We use no auxiliary verb.
Who do you love most?	Who is the object of the sentence and you is the subject. We use the auxiliary verb do.

Wh-questions ask for information and we do not expect a yes-no answer to a wh-question. We expect an answer which gives information:

A:

Where’s the coffee machine? (We expect an answer about the location of the coffee machine.)

B:

It’s in the room next to the reception.

A:

How old is your dog? (We expect an answer about the age of the dog.)

B:

She’s about five. I’m not very sure.

We can add emphasis to wh-questions in speaking by stressing the auxiliary verb do. We usually do this when we have not already received the information that we expected from an earlier question, or to show strong interest.

When the wh-word is the object of the sentence, the do auxiliary is stressed to make it more emphatic:

A:

How was your weekend in Edinburgh?

B:

I didn’t go to Edinburgh.

A:

Really. Where did you go?

B:

We decided to go to Glasgow instead.

When the wh-word is the subject of the sentence, we can add the auxiliary do to make it emphatic. We stress do:

A:

Ronald Price lives in that house, doesn’t he?

B:

No. He moved out.

A:

So who does live there? (non-emphatic question: So who lives there?)

B:

Actually, his son is living there now.

See also:

Intonation and wh-questions

When we ask negative wh-questions, we use the auxiliary verb do when there is no other auxiliary or modal verb, even when the wh-word is the subject of the clause:

Affirmative with no auxiliary	Negative with auxiliary do
Who wants an ice cream?	Who doesn’t want an ice cream?
Which door opened?	Which door didn’t open?

Spoken English:

In speaking, we can sometimes turn wh-questions into statement questions:

What’s today’s date? or Today’s date is what?

We do this especially when we are checking information that we have already been given or when we want to quickly check a particular detail. These are less formal than full wh-questions:

A:

So we’re all going to be there at eight?

B:

Right, I’m travelling with Larry.

A:

You’re travelling with who? (more formal: Who are you travelling with?)

B:

With Larry. We’re actually going on our bikes.

A:

Is your sister here too or just your mother?

B:

Just my mother.

A:

And she’s here until when? (more formal: And when is she here until? or even more formal: Until when is she here?)

Questions: echo and checking questions

The intonation of wh-questions is normally falling. The falling intonation is on the most important syllable:

Where are the keys to the back do↘or?

Why are the lights re↘d?

When we ask wh-questions to check or clarify information that has already been given, we may use rising or fall-rising intonation:

Wh↗at did you say the time was? (I know you’ve told me before but I’ve forgotten.)

Wh↘o p↗aid for the meal?

See also:

Adding emphasis to wh-questions

We can use wh-words and phrases after prepositions in more formal questions:

Where will the money come from?

From where will the money come? (formal)

Spoken English:

In informal styles, especially in speaking, the preposition may be separated and placed at the end of the question clause:

What will I talk to her about?

Who should we send the invitation to? (informal)

Whom should we send the invitation to? (formal)

To whom should we send the invitation? (more formal)

For what reason did she leave him? (formal: preposition + wh-phrase)

When we make questions shorter, we usually put the preposition and its complement together:

A:

We’re all meeting up tonight.

B:

At what time?

Not: ~~What time at?~~

See also:

Questions: short forms

When we ask questions using verbs consisting of a main verb + particle, e.g. get up, set out (phrasal verbs), we do not separate the verb from the particle or preposition:

When did you wake up this morning?

Not: ~~Up when did you wake?~~

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UNIT ONE OCTAVO GRADO

miércoles, 20 de febrero de 2019

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Hello students of the eighth grade for me it is a huge pleasure to be your teacher and be part of your academic formation

Remember hard work and practice are the keys to knowledge

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welcome to eigth grade students

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The student will click over the picture in order to work on the story in simple present tense

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Simple Present Stories

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The Present Simple tense is the most basic tense in English and uses the base form of the verb (except for the verb be). The only change from the base is the addition of s for third person singular.

How do we make the Present Simple tense?

There are two basic structures for the Present Simple:

1. Positive sentences

subject	+	main verb
		Present Simple

2. Negative and question sentences

subject	+	auxiliary do	+	main verb
		conjugated in Present Simple
		do, does		base

Look at these examples with the main verb like:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I, you, we, they			like	coffee.
+	He, she, it			likes	coffee.
-	I, you, we, they	do	not	like	coffee.
-	He, she, it	does	not	like	coffee.
?	Do	I, you, we, they		like	coffee?
?	Does	he, she, it		like	coffee?

From the above table, notice the following points...

For positive sentences:

There is no auxiliary verb.
We conjugate the main verb by adding s to the third person singular.

For negative and question sentences:

The auxiliary verb (do) is conjugated in the Present Simple: do, does
The main verb is invariable in base form: base
For negative sentences, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and the main verb.
For question sentences, we exchange the subject and the auxiliary verb.

Emphatic do
Normally, for positive sentences we do not use the auxiliary verb do. But if we want to emphasize (stress) something, we may use it. For example, instead of saying "I like your dress", we could say "I do like your dress", just to show how much we like it. Here are some more examples:

I do wish you'd stop.
I do apologize.
You do look smart today.

Present Simple with main verb be

The structure of the Present Simple with the main verb be is:

subject	+	main verb be
		conjugated in Present Simple
		am, are, is

Look at these examples with the main verb be:

	subject	main verb be
+	I	am		French.
	You, we, they	are		French.
	He, she, it	is		French.
-	I	am	not	old.
	You, we, they	are	not	old.
	He, she, it	is	not	old.
?	Am	I		late?
	Are	you, we, they		late?
	Is	he, she, it		late?

From the above table, notice the following points...

There is no auxiliary verb, even for questions and negatives.
The main verb (be) is conjugated in the Present Simple: am, are, is
For negative sentences, we insert not after the main verb.
For question sentences, we exchange the subject and the main verb.

How do we use the Present Simple tense?

We use the Present Simple to talk about:

general time (action verbs)
situations now (stative verbs)
general time and situations now (verb be)

Present Simple for general time

We use the Present Simple tense when:

the action is general
the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future
the action is not only happening now
the statement is always true

John drives a taxi.
past	present	future

It is John's job to drive a taxi. He does it every day. Past, present and future.

Look at these examples:

I live in New York.
The Moon goes round the Earth.
John drives a taxi.
He does not drive a bus.
We meet every Thursday.
We do not work at night.
Do you play football?

Present Simple for now

For stative verbs, we can use the Present Simple to talk about now. Stative verbs do not describe action. They describe state, and are verbs such as: like, sound, belong to, need, seem. We can use these verbs with the Present Simple tense to talk about about a situation at the present time, not general.

I want a coffee. That sounds interesting. Do you need some help?
past	present	future

	The situation is now.

Present Simple for general time and now

The verb be is always special. It is a stative verb, and we use it in the Present Simple tense to talk about now situations and about general situations. Look at these examples of the verb be in the Present Simple tense - some are general and some are now: